The Challenges and Opportunities Facing HBCUs

Historically black colleges and universities, or HBCUs, encompass a wide range of institutions of higher learning. There are currently 101 HBCUs in the United States, and they range from two-year community colleges to research universities that grant doctoral degrees. Most of the schools were founded shortly after the Civil War in an effort to provide African Americans access to higher education. What Is a Historically Black College or University? HBCUs exist because of the United States history of exclusion, segregation, and racism. With the end of slavery following the Civil War, African American citizens faced numerous challenges gaining access to higher education. Financial barriers and admissions policies made attendance at many colleges and universities nearly impossible for the majority of African Americans. As a result, both federal legislation and the efforts of church organizations worked to create institutions of higher learning that would provide access to African American students. The great majority of HBCUs were founded between the end of the Civil War in 1865 and the end of the 19th century. That said, Lincoln University (1854) and Cheyney University (1837), both in Pennsylvania, were established well before the end of slavery. Other HBCUs such as Norfolk State University (1935) and Xavier University of Louisiana (1915) were founded in the 20th century. The colleges and universities are called historically black because ever since the Civil Rights movement in the 1960s, HBCUs have been open to all applicants and have worked to diversify their student bodies. While many HBCUs still have predominantly black student populations, others do not. For example, Bluefield State College is 86% white and just 8% black. Kentucky State Universitys student population is roughly half African American.  However, it is more common for an HBCU to have a student body that is well over 90% black. Examples of Historically Black Colleges and Universities HBCUs are as diverse as the students who attend them. Some are public while others are private. Some are small liberal arts colleges while others are large research universities. Some are secular, and some are affiliated with a church. Youll find HBCUs that have a majority white student population while most have large African American enrollments. Some HBCUs offer doctoral programs, while some are two-year schools offering associate degrees. Below are a few examples that capture the range of HBCUs: Simmons College of Kentucky is a tiny college of just 203 students with ties to the American Baptist Church. The student population is 100% African American.North Carolina AT is a relatively large public university with over 11,000 students. Along with robust bachelor degree programs ranging from the arts to engineering, the school also has numerous masters and doctoral programs.Lawson State Community College in Birmingham, Alabama, is a two-year community college offering certificate programs and associate degrees in areas such as engineering technology, health professions, and business.Xavier University of Louisiana  is a private Roman Catholic university with 3,000 students enrolled in bachelor, masters and doctoral programs.Tougaloo College in Mississippi is a private liberal arts college of 860 students. The college is affiliated with the United Church of Christ, although it describes itself as church-related but not church controlled. Challenges Facing Historically Black Colleges and Universities As a result of  affirmative action, civil rights legislation, and changing attitudes towards race, colleges, and universities across the United States are actively working to enroll qualified African American students. This access to educational opportunities across the country is obviously a good thing, but it has had consequences for HBCUs. Even though there are over 100 HBCUs in the country, less than 10% of all African American college students actually attend an HBCU. Some HBCUs are struggling to enroll enough students, and roughly 20 colleges have closed in the last 80 years. More are likely to close in the future because of enrollment declines and fiscal crises. Many HBCUs also face challenges with retention and persistence. The mission of many HBCUs—to provide access to higher education to populations that have historically been  underrepresented  and disadvantaged—creates its own hurdles. While it is clearly worthwhile and admirable to provide opportunities for students, the results can be discouraging when a significant percentage of matriculated students are ill-prepared to succeed in college-level coursework. Texas Southern University, for example, has just a 6% four-year graduation rate, Southern University in New Orleans has a 5% rate, and numbers in the low teens and single digits are not unusual. The Best HCBUs While the challenges facing many HCBUs are significant, some schools are flourishing. Spelman College  (a womens college) and Howard University tend to top the national rankings of HCBUs. Spelman, in fact, has the highest graduation rate of any Historically Black College, and it also tends to win high marks for social mobility. Howard is a prestigious research university that grants hundreds of doctoral degrees every year. Other notable Historically Black Colleges and Universities include Morehouse College (a mens college), Hampton University, Florida AM, Claflin University, and Tuskegee University. Youll find impressive academic programs and rich co-curricular opportunities at these schools, and youll also find that the overall value tends to be high.

How Immigrants Create Jobs - 1033 Words

How Immigrants Create Jobs ` For many years Americans have addressed the issue of immigrants as a threat to the economy as they take away jobs from natives of the United States. People state that immigrants will work for lower wages and in worse conditions than a native, which makes them more desirable to employ. But, is this assumption accurate? Or do immigrants actually create jobs and help the economy of the United States? Research is now stating that immigration and unemployment are unrelated. Immigrants actually create jobs and boost the economy by purchasing goods from native businesses and by creating their own businesses (Value Added). These are just two examples of how immigrants help to create jobs in the United States. They†¦show more content†¦The different levels of education between these immigrants and natives also produce a wage increase because the jobs they perform are frequently interdependent and complementary, which increases the productivity of natives (Value Added). The second group of immigrants with specialized skills is that of those with a college education. These immigrants often obtain degrees in engineering, computer science, and mathematics. Obtaining these degrees does not interfere with the career opportunities of natives because Americans are not likely to get an education in these areas. The American Enterprise Institute and the Partnership for a New American Economy conducted a study in December of 2011. Data in this study was used from the years 2000 to 2007. The results state that, â€Å"every 100 foreign-born workers who worked in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, and who had advanced degrees from U.S. universities, were associated with an additional 262 jobs for native-born workers† (Value Added). The study also found â€Å"that states with greater numbers of temporary workers in the H-1B program for skilled workers and H-2B program for less-skilled nonagricultural workers had higher employment among US natives† (Value Added). The United States is a nation that was founded on immigrants. Throughout the years Americans are learning that immigrantsShow MoreRelated Immigrants and Immigration - Blessing or Burden? Essay1073 Words   |  5 PagesImmigrants and Immigration - Blessing or Burden? Are immigrants a fortune of diversity, or a crushing burden? America has longed battled the issue about immigration. Today people in general have a very mixed feeling about the issue of immigration. 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Thus, I am interested in finding out how skilled immigrant entrepreneurs are beneficial in numerous aspects such as economic growth, innovation, public policy and societal changes. Moreover, I want to explore what challenges and opportunities these immigrants face and how their involvement

Project Management Tools and Techniques System

Question: Discuss about the Project Management Tools and Techniques System. Answer: Introduction This report is developed in relation with project management in which information related with the project of the company will be taken. Report will include information related with the stakeholders attached with the project. Critical analysis will be done in which various aspects like project management techniques, reasons and objectives of the project, benefits that the company was being availed with the help of the project and techniques and strategies used by the company so as to manage the project successfully will be discussed in this report. Information related with Tjam project of TESCO project will be discussed in this report which will help in developing better understanding with the project management aspects (Scally, 2015). TESCOs first ever project which was undertaken by the company was Tjam which required the involvement of the customers, suppliers and technical developers of TESCO. For this project of TESCO it is required that proper project management techniques should be adopted. It is required that the facilitation and recruitment agencies should help TESCO to oversees and support the day. Objective of the project was to define the position of the website of TESCO which is Tesco.com in next 5-10 years. On this day there were more than 200 people who attended and over 800 business ideas were generated so as to share the future business strategies. https://wentworthconsultancy.co.uk/case-study/project-management-for-tesco-and-more/ Stakeholders Analysis Stakeholder analysis of Tjam project of TESCO includes information related with the people attached with the company, understanding the aspects related with the downfall in the market (Turner, 2010). Information related with the responsibilities of the company attached with its stakeholders will be discussed in this report so as to ensure that proper set of analysis of the stakeholders should be delivered to the target users (Rozenes, Kukliansky, 2013). Tjam project of TESCO include various stakeholders which are: Suppliers: Suppliers plays a very vital role in a project. It is required that the company should focus towards the suppliers who helps in promoting the products and services of a company. In the website development of TESCO there are were various suppliers attached with the company which includes domain providers, online marketing companies and advertisement developing companies (Wang, et. al., 2010). It is required that the organization should provide better and effective set of support to the suppliers so that they could ensure to provide better set of services to the company and help in ensuring that its project should get success in the competitive market. Customers: These are the internal stakeholders of the company which ensures to provide various benefits to it (Davidson, 2014). Customers are one of the precious stakeholders which are attached with the company because these are the reason for which Tesco prefers to develop its new projects. Tjam is the project which is being introduced by the company for the customers available in the market (Marle, Gidel, 2014). Tesco.com is the website which is being developed by the company for its customers. This project of Tesco will help in providing direct interaction of the customers to the company. It is being analysed that this project has helped the customers in availing queries to their problem. Providing effective customer support services are the main aim of the organization for which the domain is being produced (Gunawan, 2015). Visiting this website will help the customers in resolving their queries related with organization, gaining information related with the products and service s available with the organization and gaining information related with the price of the products and services of the company. This project will help in retaining customers of the company by availing up to date information and providing effective solutions to the customers attached with the company (Lindgren, Packendorff, 2009). Technical Developer: In this project technical developer plays a very vital role in managing Tjan project of TESCO. All the technical aspects attached with the organization were managed by the technical developers of the company (Lee, Chen, 2011). It was being analysed that technical developer have designed the whole website and indulged in the market survey to gather appropriate information related with the choice and preferences of the people available in the market. Information was gathered from the customers and on the basis of their feedbacks website was designed and various aspects were presented so that customers could use the website in an effective manner. In return company also provided the support to the technical developed by providing monetary as well as non monetary incentives so that they could remain motivated and work effectively (Integrating Process and Work Breakdown Structure with Design Structure Matrix, 2010). Project Discription TESCO is a company dealing in the market of supermarket chain in UK. Company is known for the quality that is being provided by it to the market. TESCO had planned to open stores in various parts of Australia. Due to certain reasons TESCO has to face downfalls in the market of Australia which affected the company. These reasons resulted in the failure of the project of company. All the aspects related with the failure of the company will be further discussed in the report (Marle, 2014). TESCO has initiated the project named as Tjan in which online website was being developed by the company so as to provide effective set of services to the people available in the market. The initiation was taken by TESCO after analysing the requirements of the market as the information was gathered that market is entering into digitalization and people are relying on the services which are available on internet. Information was gathered by the organization from the market in relation with the requirem ents of the customers with the online marketing aspects. It is being analysed by the company that the new market trend that is entering into the market is of digital marketing (P, 2012). There were various set of estimations that were done by the company in relation with Tjam project. Company developed certain aspects which provided the suggestion that with the help of the project TESCO will get benefited and will be able to ensure its success in the competitive market. There are various number of technology start-ups which were given by TESCO which has pitched the future opportunities for the company (Karni, Kaner, 2008). Tjam was one of the opportunities for the company which will be giving the profit and a chance to attain competitive advantage in the market. the online website of TESCO tesco.com was having all the information related with the grocery items and various other household items. With the help of this people will be able to view the products and services by sitting over any place (Sarkar, 2011). Website of TESCO also has the feature of home delivery, cash on delivery, price comparison and task to the executive. With the help of these features now TESC O will be able to provide appropriate services to the people available in the market (Heerkens, 2015). Tesco.com avails all information related with its products and services on its websites and ensures that people could get appropriate set of benefits from the website and enjoy their shopping with the company. With the help of this technology adoption TESCO has noticed the change increase in the sale of its products and services. Increase in the 20% of the sale was noticed in the same month after launching the website by TESCO (Shurrab, 2015). After that continuous growth was seen by the organization in its sale and has given a tough competition to its competitor Sainsbury. The online website of TESCO also helped in promoting its goods and services in the market with the effect of which company has launched the same in various other countries. Critical Analysis This is the part which will include the market information of Tjam project of TESCO. All the aspects related with the downfalls faced by the company will be discussed (Browning, 2014). Focus will rely upon the factors affected the project of the company so that proper set of direction could be provided. This report will help in delivering effective set of information related with the forces and drivers which could affect the project and strategies of the competitors for which the company should remain prepared (Turner, 2010). There are various aspects which are required to be analysed in relation with the project of TESCO. There were various methods which were adopted by TESCO to ensure the success of its project in the market. There are various stages which indulge in the product life cycle of the project of TESCO. These stages are introduction phase in which a proper framework of the project was developed by the company. proper planning is being done in the introduction phase of the project in which company as ensured to do the market surveys, gathering information from the customers and discussing the project with the management as well as software developers (Aaltonen, 2011). Forecasting was done in the introduction phase with the help of which it was analysed that the company will be benefited in the new future (Wang, et. al., 2010). After introduction phase company has started working on the project in which the information technology department of the company took the initiation of preparing the coding with the help of which company was able to develop the project. Testing was done at the growth stage of the project in which certain loops and breaches were found by the information technology departme nt which was resolved by providing effective set of solutions and rectifying the programming which were done (Davidson, 2014). At the maturity stage project was launched by the company to the market and was formally launched to the people available in the market. At the maturity stage survey was done by the company in which feedbacks of the people in relationship with the website was gathered. Feedbacks which were received by the people were positive and there were certain suggestions on which technical team of the company worked upon and availed the new functions and features in the futures (Gunawan, 2015). Decline stage is the stage when the project or company starts falling as taste and preferences of the people changes but in case of Tjam TESCO preferred to develop certain set of add-ons to the website which are liked by the people and project continues to be remaining in the market and preferred by the people to do shopping (Wren, 2007). There are various set of methods of project management which were used by TESCO to ensure the success of the project. These methods are: Agile Method: TESCO ensured that it will develop the project which will remain flexible in the case of Tjam it was analysed that various changes will be required in near future so the information technology team of the company ensured to provide flexibility in the project so that according to the requirements of the market effective changes could be initiated by the company. This method provide a huge success to the project of TESCO with the effect of which it is still being recognized and used by the people available in the market (Integrating Process and Work Breakdown Structure with Design Structure Matrix, 2010). Critical Path Method: Critical Path Method is another method which is being used by the organization. It is a step by step technique which provides the direction to the company of choosing the most appropriate and fast path to complete the project. With the help of various analyses company was able to gather the shortest path of completing the project with the effect of which completion was done within the planned time and in low cost (Shurrab, Abbasi, 2016). Critical path method has helped the company to ensure the success of the project within the time frame planned by it (Practice standard for project risk management, 2009). PERT: Program Evaluation and Review Technique is another effective technique which is being used by the organization to complete and manage the project in a proper manner (Murphy, Ledwith, 2007). Appropriate information related with the project was availed by the project management team by using the pert method. Proper set of review was done by the company to gather appropriate information related with the project and to minimize the loops and breaches. PERT methods helped the organization to sustain in the market and helped in completing the same without any breach and loop. Quality of the project was enhanced with the help of PERT method with the effect of which project of the company moved on the path of success and sustainability (Marle, 2014). Six Sigma: Six Sigma is another technique which was used by TESCO to ensure the success of the project. Six Sigma helped the project management team to enhance the quality of the project. It is the technique which was used by the organization so as to ensure that the project could be completed within the time frame in minimum cost. Unnecessary cost got eliminated with the help of six sigma technique with the effect of which company has to spend less amount estimated by the company (Maylor, 2010) Project Management Process Used By TESCO Establish Project Management Structure: This was the first step which was used by organization to initiate the project in which resources were identified by TESCO that which resources will help in managing the project, it also helped in defining the role and accountabilities in which organization provided task to each and every team regarding the project so that work process could be managed in a proper manner and lastly in this governance structure were structured with the effect of which a proper framework was developed of completing the project in a proper manner (P, 2012). Project Definition: This is another stage which was initiated by the project management team of the organization. In this needs related with the project were developed. All the requirements related with the project were developed by the organization. At this phase of project management objectives, scope, benefits and risk factors attached with the project were confirmed. Implementation approaches were developed, and resource plans were also being developed in this phase of project management (Hussein, Hafseld, 2016). Project Plan: This is another phase of project management in which TESCO developed proper set of plans with the effect of which proper framework was developed was developed by the TESCO to ensure the success of its project in the market (Sarkar, 2011). It is required that the company should indulge in the proper set of planning with the effect of which assurance could be made that the project will be completed successfully. In the planning phase of the project company ensured to provide proper direction to the employees as well as to the project development team regarding the aspects which would indulge in the project and would help the company to complete the project within the timelines (Davidson Frame, 2014). Project Management and Control: Project management and control is the another step which ensured to provide proper support and framework to the organization with the help of which TESCO managed to complete its project within the time slot. Project management and control is the most important aspect attached with the company which helped the company to sustain in the market. Control helps in reducing the risk of uncertainties and provides support to save the cost and wastage of time (Shurrab, 2015). Project Close: Last and most important step taken by TESCO was project close in which after completion of the project it was terminated by the company. Project close helped the company in ensuring that the project is being completed and ensuring the success of the project in near future (Dalcher, 2014). Recommendations This section will include the information related with the steps that could be taken by the company to sustain in the market (Turner, 2010). There are various strategies which could be adopted by the company to ensure the success of the project. It is required that various companies should adopt the strategies which were adopted by TESCO in its Tjam project so that projects could get successfully completed. It could be recommended to TESCO that it should use proper market survey in which it should work upon providing support system to the people working on the project. It is required that the project management team should adopt effective leadership style with the effect of which proper support could be delivered to the project management team working on the project ("A Sustainability Academic Externship Pilot: A Unique Collaborative Project", 2012). TESCO should indulge in the practices of adopting the new project techniques and should initiate the project. Hiring the most appropriate talent who could manage the project will help the company in bringing quality to the project with the effect of which assurance will be made that the company will earn effective sum of money with the money invested in the project (Wang, et. al., 2010). Conclusion With the help of various secondary sources of data collection it could be concluded that project management is one of the most important aspects for every company. It is necessary that the project should be managed because it helps the company in ensuring its success with the effect of which it could attain competitive advantage in the market. It could be concluded that the organization should have proper project management strategies with the effect of which it could move on the verge of sustainability. Project management is one of the most important aspects attached with the companies which provide the assurance that the company will be able to sustain in completing the project and will be able to provide support in the growth. Applying appropriate project management techniques helps the organization to ensure its success in what it is investing. Proper analysis of the market and gathering information from the customers helps the company to sustain in the market. Adopting the metho ds provided in the report will help the project management team to avail proper set of support to the companies and projects. It was considered a resounding success and Charles picked up two awards from Tesco and his University for going above and beyond and exceeding expectations. References Davidson Frame, J. (2014). Reconstructing Project Management.Project Management Journal,45(1), e2-e2. Gunawan, I. (2015). Analysis of education and practical relevance of project management topics in New Zealand.International Journal Of Project Organisation And Management,7(2), 174. Integrating Process and Work Breakdown Structure with Design Structure Matrix. (2010).Journal Of Advanced Computational Intelligence And Intelligent Informatics,14(5), 512-522. Marle, F. (2014). A structured process to managing complex interactions between project risks.International Journal Of Project Organisation And Management,6(1/2), 4. P, P., Nowpada, R. (2012). Fuzzy Critical Path Method Based on Lexicographic Ordering.Pakistan Journal Of Statistics And Operation Research,8(1), 139. Sarkar, D. (2011). Simulation application in project risk management for infrastructure transportation project.International Journal Of Project Organisation And Management,3(3/4), 374. Shurrab, M. (2015). Traditional Critical Path Method versus Critical Chain Project Management: A Comparative View.International Journal Of Economics Management Sciences,04(09), 125-13. Turner, J. (2010). Evolution of project management research as evidenced by papers published in the International Journal of Project Management.International Journal Of Project Management,28(1), 1-6. Wang, M., Shen, L., Deng, Y. (2010). Exploiting Critical Path Method for Evaluation of Conceptual Design.Advanced Materials Research,97-101, 4429-4432. Aaltonen, K. (2011). Project stakeholder analysis as an environmental interpretation process.International Journal Of Project Management,29(2), 165-183. Browning, T. (2014). Managing complex project process models with a process architecture framework.International Journal Of Project Management,32(2), 229-241. Heerkens, G. (2015).Project management(1st ed.). [Place of publication not identified]: Mcgraw-Hill Education. Karni, R., Kaner, M. (2008). Knowledge management of interconnected decisions with application to project management.Knowledge And Process Management,15(4), 211-223. Lee, C., Chen, L. (2011). Who are the resident stakeholders in a flood project? A spatial analysis of resident stakeholders.Natural Hazards,59(1), 107-128. Lindgren, M., Packendorff, J. (2009). Project leadership revisited: towards distributed leadership perspectives in project research.International Journal Of Project Organisation And Management,1(3), 285. Marle, F., Gidel, T. (2014). Assisting project risk management method selection.International Journal Of Project Organisation And Management,6(3), 254. Rozenes, S., Kukliansky, I. (2013). An Embedded Approach for Project Management Learning Process.International Journal Of Information Technology Project Management,4(3), 38-49. Scally, W. (2015). Project Workflow Management: A Business Process Approach.Project Management Journal,46(3), e2-e2. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmj.21495 A Sustainability Academic Externship Pilot: A Unique Collaborative Project. (2012).Sustainability: The Journal Of Record,5(5), 305-310. Dalcher, D. (2014). Mastering IT Project Management: Best Practices, Tools and Techniques.Project Management Journal,45(3), e2-e2. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmj.21414 Davidson Frame, J. (2014). Reconstructing Project Management.Project Management Journal,45(1), e2-e2. Hussein, B., Hafseld, K. (2016). Organisational influences impacting user involvement in a major information system project: a case study in a governmental organisation.International Journal Of Project Organisation And Management,8(1), 24. Maylor, H. (2010).Project management(1st ed.). Harlow, England: Financial Times Prentice Hall is an imprint of Pearson. Murphy, A., Ledwith, A. (2007). Project management tools and techniques in high?technology SMEs.Management Research News,30(2), 153-166. Practice standard for project risk management. (2009) (1st ed.). Newtown Square, Pa. Shurrab, M., Abbasi, G. (2016). Buffer Sizing Methods to Compare Critical Chain Project Management with Critical Path.International Journal Of Information Technology Project Management,7(3), 74-87. Wren, A. (2007).The Project Management A-Z(1st ed.). Farnham: Ashgate Pub.

Optus Company; sales and marketing department structures

Sales department Optus Company, being an electronic products seller ought to have an efficient sales department that can meet sales targets. This is taken into consideration bearing in mind the industry in which this company operates that depends on how a company is able to adapt to the changing environment and win customer satisfaction.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Optus Company; sales and marketing department structures specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The sales department is structured in a way that, everything concerning sales can be done through online procedure (Yes OPTUS 2). This is a strategy to reach all mobile user customers on a global scale. The sales department has developed a special website for any one willing to purchase a headset from the company to access it. The procedures are clearly displayed on the web page for customers to follow from the initial ‘sales’ button to the end u ntil the product is purchased (Paul Budde 4). The payment mode together with the delivery process is accomplished. Therefore, the department can be said to be more of a decentralized structure than a centralized one since customers are able to access the company’s products from everywhere in the world. The department targets both internal and external customers. The products are sold to the customers with allowances attached to them to reduce the sales price in order to generate more sales for the company. Internal customers can easily access the products without using online procedures while external customers are recommended to use online mode (Renai 6). This has reduced customer traffic in the company’s main outlets and operating costs involved. Some of the mobile products offered by the company include Black berry, Samsung, LG and other mobile phone accessories. Marketing department This is yet another crucial department in a telecommunication industry. It is respo nsible for the development of products that meet customer satisfaction and demands. The processes in this department are also web-based in the Octopus Company (Rosenberg 6). The marketing manager carries out extensive promotions through sophisticated data base management tools that can warrant designing and distribution of the required products. These methods are cost effective. The success of the Optus can be attributed largely to this department since its marketing research and development has led development of high quality phones suitable for all social classes at affordable prices.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Online marketing has helped the Optus has build an online presence yet providing necessary and relevant information to the customers who contact the department hence saving costs of printing brochures and other materials to avail information to the customers. Customers are given an opportunity to interact with the company better. The department has monitors all its market outlets and stores to make sure everything is in good condition (Technology switched on 1). This is to ensure the availability of the products to the customers at all times. In collaboration with sales section, the department also ensures all the mobile phones sold or any other product reaches the customer in good time. Besides this section has succeeded in maintain excellent business relations with the suppliers of products and keep updating each other on the changing consumer needs. The efficiency in the marketing department has been strengthened through training of young innovative stars that have a passion for marketing and hence delivering innovative solutions to the department (Bingemann 5). Optus also relies on billboards to advertise its products to those having difficult with online access. Works Cited Bingemann, Mitchell. Optus scores lucrative interim satelli te deal. Web. Hildebrand, Joe. Optus dropouts enrage iPhone users but company says window tints are to blame. Technology switched on. Web. Paul Budde Communication Pty Ltd. Australia-Telco Company profiles-Optus-company overview and operating statistics-2010. Web. Renai, Lemay. Optus to launch the Xoom in June. Delimiter. Web.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Optus Company; sales and marketing department structures specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Rosenberg, Jen. Internet users clog mobile network. Web. Yes OPTUS. Company induction. Web. This report on Optus Company; sales and marketing department structures was written and submitted by user Blakely D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Crusades essays

Crusades essays Through out time, history has had a tendency to repeat it self. It has done so in good means as well as bad. People learn from the past and apply it to their every day lives. Although people try to do the right thing and not follow mistakes that have been already made, they just seem to come about. This day in age, out country is experiencing a situation that is extremely similar to that that occurred in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries, that which is the crusades. Crusades now can be defined as all wars undertaken in pursuance of a vow, and directed against infidels. But back in the middle ages it was known as any military expedition under taken by the Christians of Europe (Random House Websters 318). On September 11,2001 the people of America as well as all other free countries in our nation experience a new feeling that we have not know of. We were being attacked for our beliefs, for the way we live our lives. This what we were feeling, was being fought for during the time of the Crusades. The Christians and the Muslims were fighting against one another in order to spread their religion, or end the other. The people who were the leaders of the attack were Muslims. Muslims are people who follow the religion of Islam. Islam is a religion that was founded by a man named Muhammad. The followers of Muhammad believe that he received messages from God. Those messages all established into the rules that the Muslims live by, and they are all recorded in the Koran. Some of the laws forbade Muslims to eat pork, drink alcohol, gamble or lend money for interests. But the main beliefs of the Muslims are The Five Pillars. Which are to have faith in God (Allah). To pray five times a day facing in the direction of Mecca. For a person to give part of their income to charity. To fast during the month of Ramadan, and to promise to go on a pilgrimage to Mecca at least ounce in your life. The event leading u...

Soil and Groundwater Contamination in the UAE The Other Side of the Technological Progress

Soil and Groundwater Contamination in the UAE The Other Side of the Technological Progress Introduction Despite a significant progress, which the United Arab Emirates have made over the past few years in terms of technology (Panambunan-Ferse Breiter 2013), the state authorities seem to have been defaulting on the development of tools for disposing of e-waste. According to the recent news report, the situation regarding e-waste in the UAE has become truly drastic, the instances of its improper disposal growing out of proportions:Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Soil and Groundwater Contamination in the UAE: The Other Side of the Technological Progress specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A UN-sponsored project shows the average resident generates 17.2 kilograms of e-waste, which holds toxins such as arsenic, cadmium and mercury. Kuwait residents create the same amount, while Bahrain is next on the list with 16.4 kg. Chemicals from circuit boards or other parts can seep into the soil and find their way into aquifers, also polluting food for which the water is used to grow. (Wasmi 2015, par. 2–3) The reasons behind the choice of the problem are quite obvious; living in the digital era and using information technology in all domains of their lives, people are facing the need to dispose of the corresponding e-waste on a regular basis, yet they still have little to no idea of how to do it properly. When released into the environment, e-waste affects the latter significantly by trickling into groundwater. The latter, in its turn, affects the soil and the plants, which grow in the vicinity (Pradhan, Kumar, Sudhir 2014). The plants, in their turn, have a negative effect on animals, particularly, on cattle, when being consumed; seeing that cattle and plants are the basic sources for food production on a global level, the scope of the problem, as well as its effects, is truly enormous. Soil and Groundwater Contamination as a Threat to Environment There is no need to stress that th e effects of soil and groundwater contamination on the health rates in the community and the environment, in general, including the survival of species and the state of the habitat, are dire. The impact on the environment in general and on people’s health, in particular, as well as the staying power of the problem, should be listed among the key criteria, which have been used to determine the problem as topical and urgent. According to the existing studies, the effects of e-waste on groundwater are truly drastic. First and foremost, the fact that improper e-waste disposal leads to the aggravation of the current health risks (Grant 2015) deserves to be mentioned. Moreover, e-waste triggers a rise in the risks for developing lead poisoning several times, recent researches show (Heart Agamuthu 2012). In addition, the release of chemicals into the groundwater changes the very habitat. As a result, numerous species are subjected to dying out, as they are incapable of accommodatin g in the new environment, which lacks the elements that the species in question may need for their survival.Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lack of Care and Space When it comes to identifying the key causes of the aforementioned concern, one must mention the lack of enthusiasm first. Even though people are well aware of the subject of concern, they still fail to relate to the problem, as it does not affect them in a direct way. Herein the root cause of the problem lies. The rapid development of technology and its acceptance as the communication tool is another issue. Due to the spur in the use of IT tools and devices, the need to dispose of them emerges more often. Hence, the dilemma emerges. It would be wrong to assume that either of the factors mentioned above is entirely negative. Quite on the contrary, technological advances and the increase in oppo rtunities for communication should be viewed as positive phenomena. However, because of the novelty thereof, the rules for their proper use are yet to be defined. The SWOT Framework The idea of integrating the principles of recycling into managing e-waste may seem reasonable, yet one must admit that the specified strategy will require the introduction of the corresponding tools and equipment. The latter, in its turn, may become far too lengthy and expensive operation to carry out. Seeing that the problem needs to be addressed urgently, a different principle of e-waste recycling needs to be integrated into the UAE community. Table 1. Methods of E-Waste Recycling: A SWOT Analysis Method Strength Weakness Opportunity Threat Landfill ease of use a threat to environment; a threat to people’s health; high groundwater contamination rates; locating the waste further from the community extinction of species; health issues among the local residents; destruction of natural ha bitats (Visvanthan, Yin, Karthikeyan 2010) Recycling reduction of environmental contamination rates; saving resources from exhaustion; reducing the number of health threats cost; time significant drop in health issues; reduction of air pollution and groundwater contamination rates; sustainability in the use of resources significant expenses; failure to drive people’s attention to the problem (Zhang, Ying-Xin, Simonnot 2012) Incineration waste volume reduction air pollution; impossibility to apply the tool to some types of e-waste more space for storing waste release of dangerous elements into the air; groundwater contamination by the remaining part of the waste (Hong et al. 2015) Plasma gasification efficient management of all types of waste Cost development of new tools for waste management failure to develop the required tools; major expenses (Bajpai 2014) Avoidance Possible reduction in waste rates Lack of efficacy Introduction o f sustainability into the UAE drop in quality of life; lack of control over waste management (Unnisa Rav 2012). Table 1 shows rather clearly that the use of landfills should be abandoned when it comes to eliminating e-waste. Although the specified approach allows keeping e-waste away from the city residents, it still affects people’s health in a rather obvious manner, as it still trickles into groundwater and contaminates every drop of groundwater in the vicinity. In fact, a range of studies (Visvanthan et al. 2010) show that landfills, though currently being one of the most popular tools for managing waste in general, are also the most harmful and need to be eliminated from the list of the methods of waste disposal on a global level. As far as e-waste is concerned, landfills clearly are the worst means of managing the issue; the longer the waste remains on the ground, the deeper the contaminating particles get and the more drastic the issue becomes (Visvanthan et al. 2010).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Soil and Groundwater Contamination in the UAE: The Other Side of the Technological Progress specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Speaking of incineration, the given approach is fraught with significant negative consequences unless several expensive and time-consuming procedures are carried out prior to the process. Particularly, both incineration and co-incineration require flue gas purification (Hong et al., 2015). Therefore, the tool in question can hardly be viewed as the means of addressing the e-waste dilemma in the UAE. Plasma gasification, which also may be viewed as the tool for managing e-waste and preventing it from contaminating groundwater, may be viewed as rather efficient, especially given the fact that it helps retrieve renewable energy (Bajpai 2014). However, studies show that the opportunity for the specified tool to be used on a global level is still far too scanty due to the enormous financial resources, which it requires (Bajpai 2014). Being a comparatively new tool for waste management, it still needs further testing, improvement and a significant drop in cost. According to the data represented in Table 1, the current method, which involves e-recycling, seems to be the most reasonable approach to take. Incorporating the basic principles of sustainability and reducing the negative effects of e-waste along with the chances to pollute groundwater to a minimum (Zhang et al. 2012), the above-mentioned approach should be viewed as the best option that the UAE authorities have. However, the approach in question can be considered rather time-consuming, seeing that it involves the need to make e-recycling tools available to all people concerned. Particularly, the residents of the UAE must have an opportunity to recycle the corresponding products properly and in a timely fashion. Thus, it will be required to build a large number of the fa cilities, where e-waste can be delivered, collected and contained (Zhang et al. 2012).  Therefore, another option concerning the collection and disposal of e-waste in the UAE needs to be considered. Particularly, the services, which will collect e-waste, such as used batteries and motherboards, will have to be introduced into the framework of the state’s operations. It is highly desirable that the e-waste produced by the citizens, as well as by the factories and entrepreneurships, should be collected on a daily basis with the help of the corresponding services and then processed in a manner as expeditious as possible.Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Table 1, the specified approach can be deemed as the most efficient and the least harmful, yet it is also likely to turn out rather costly. Indeed, the necessity to create state companies, which will need to be equipped correspondingly to gather and process e-waste, will have to be funded generously. Cutting the budget for other expenses, which can be considered less topical at the moment, can be viewed as an option. Solutions and Recommendations Once introduced into At this point, the significance of sustainability must be mentioned. Allowing the introduction of sustainability into the environmental strategy adopted by the UAE authorities, recycling based on the creation of the corresponding facilities will have to be coupled with raising awareness regarding the subject matter among the UAE residents. In other words, it is strongly recommended that the tools for increasing mass awareness, such as brochures, articles in popular magazines and newspapers, online forums wi th discussions of the related issues, introduction of users of social networks to the subject matter, etc. should be viewed as the key measures for improving the current state of waste management in the UAE (Kahkat, Hieronymi, Williams 2012). Indeed, the idea of introducing sustainability to not only entrepreneurships but also citizens should be credited as rather reasonable. Given the rapid increase in the average number of technological tools and gadgets that people possess, there is an obvious necessity to make sure that people understand the principle of sustainable use and waste disposal. It is only after the UAE residents understand why the specified recycling options are provided to them that they start sing these options properly (Kahkat et al. 2012). Reference List Bajpai, P 2014, Management of pulp and paper mill waste, Springer, Berlin. Grant, R 2015 ‘Sustainable African urban futures: Stocktaking and critical reflection on proposed urban projects’, American Behavioral Scientist, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 294–310. Heart, S Agamuthu, P 2012, ‘E-waste: a problem or an opportunity? Review of issues, challenges and solutions in Asian countries’, Waste Management Research, vol. 30. no. 11, pp. 1113–1129. Hong, J, Shi, W, Wang, Y, Chen, W Li, X 2015, ‘Life cycle assessment of electronic waste treatment’, Waste Management, vol. 38, pp. 357–365. Kahkat, R, Hieronymi, K, Williams, E 2012, E-waste management: From waste to resource, Routledge, New York City, New York. Panambunan-Ferse, M Breiter, A 2013, ‘Assessing the side-effects of ICT development: E-waste production and management: A case study about cell phone end-of-life in Manado, Indonesia’, Technology in Society, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 223–231. Pradhan, J, Kumar, J, Sudhir, K 2014, ‘Informal e-waste recycling: environmental risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in Mandoli industrial area, Delhi, India’, Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, vol. 21, no. 13, pp. 7913–7928. Unnisa, S A Rav, S B 2012, Sustainable solid waste management, CRC Press, Point Pleasant, New Jersey. Visvanthan, C, Yin, N H, Karthikeyan, O P 2010, ‘Co-disposal of electronic waste with municipal solid waste in bioreactor landfills’, Waste Management, vol. 30, no. 12, pp. 2608–2614. Wasmi, N A 2015, ‘UAE recycling: bringing e-waste concerns to the surface’, The National. Web. Zhang, W-H, Ying-Xin, W, Simonnot, M O 2012, ‘Soil contamination due to e-waste disposal and recycling activities: A review with special focus on China’, Pedosphere, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 434–455.

Why is the therapeautic relationship regarded as a central component Essay

Why is the therapeautic relationship regarded as a central component to play therapy - Essay Example By giving the child a variety of different toys, including dolls, stuffed animals, and paints, the therapist is able to watch the child’s interactions with the toys in order to see how he or she feels. When something difficult happens in a child’s life, he or she may not yet have the verbal skills to properly express his or her feelings. Play therapy allows for the therapist to get beyond this verbal barrier and into the issues that could be plaguing the child’s development. For example, if a child is angry about something, he or she will act more aggressively towards the toys and might even get to the point of being destructive, whereas a depressed child might not even feel like playing with the toys. The style of therapy is supposed to help the child to come to grips with his or her limitations and capabilities and help the child to learn about him or her self and about life in general. It can also be a helpful tool in the child developing communication skills, as the therapist will be there communicating with the child throughout this process, â€Å"which must take place between children and the counsellor if the time together is to be a therapeutic experience† (Landreth, Play Therapy: Dynamics of the Process of Counseling with Children 45). Studies have shown that play therapy is effective in helping with many different social, behavioural, emotional, and educational problems. These problems include depression, anger, apprehension, demeanour disorders, abuse issues, aggressive behaviour, post-traumatic stress disorders, low self-esteem issues, poor social skills, impulsive behaviour, learning disorders, divorce issues, and handling traumatic experiences. Over time, the original ideas of play therapy have â€Å"merged almost completely into a newer therapeutic attitude, the nondirective approach (Landreth, Play Therapy: Dynamics of the Process of Counseling with Children 71) where â€Å"the therapist may leave responsibility and

Blog and nots Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Blog and nots - Essay Example The text is also more allusive, drawing on texts from various Mexican corridors and French feminist theory. Anzaldua character traits are of great importance for any philosophy of the social, within the writing. Critical insights of figures like of Derrida and Nietzsche as it relates to individual identity crafted out of a fractured heritage (Anzaldua). The author information is that, borders all lenders given that the human condition entails being stretched across the chasm of self-alterity. It is through full identification of this can a major inventory of the self-operate; that is a prerequisite for the responsibility and genuine care for oneself. In addition, the book opens up doors of consciousness for many in their own spiritual as well as a creative life. I, therefore, strongly recommend that one should read the book at night before sleeping. It is a literature that expands the dreams of consciousness. In a semi-autobiographical account, Anzaldua agrees with her Chicana lesbian identity to appreciate the components of its existence. In addition, author’s lesbian nature has traces of both female and male characters, but Anzaldua culture is a mixture of many different cultures and races. By employing English and Spanish in the writing, the author demonstrates that the literature of Chicana cannot be in one language. Cultural identity is of great importance to Anzaldua but claims that culture of individuals in power referring to men. Males make laws and the rules, laws, but it is women who transmit them. By going beyond the limits of either Mexican or American culture, Chicana literature gives a voice to individuals of the borderland. Apart from the physical border between Mexico and America, as well as the linguistic border between English and Spanish, Anzaldua also explains the boundaries of gender and sexuality in

Evaluate the Range of Alternative International Assignment Forms Essay Example for Free

Evaluate the Range of Alternative International Assignment Forms Essay An international assignment of 3-5 years is usually considered as Long Term Assignment. One of the reasons that it is becoming extremely more expensive for MNE’s is due to the nature of the job scope and the International Assignee’s (IA) personal considerations. Interestingly, according to the 2009 Global Relocation Trends Survey [ (Brookfield Global Relocation Services, 2009) ] report, when multinational companies are relocating their employees for assignments overseas these days regardless of short or long term, they tend to dispatch older and more experienced employees due to the low risk of assignment failure. This is one of the reasons why it has become increasingly and extremely more expensive for MNE’s [ (Harzing, 1995) ]. Following the expatriate demographic provided by the survey, family concerns sit on top of the chart which remain the most overwhelming reason of 92% for assignment refusal and also the top reason for early returns from assignments which recorded at high of 27%. Historically, the top five challenges over the years of the survey have been family adjustment, partner resistance, difficult location, children’s education, and partner’s career [ (Borstorff, 1997) ]; [ (Brett, 1995) ]. These are also the reasons why it is difficult to find the right candidates with the right experience to fill the vacancy for long term assignment [ (Shaffer, 2001) ]. Antidotes for the Poisons Exploiting Other Alternatives Due to the above dilemma faced by most of the MNE’s, they are now looking at other alternatives which can provide them with the best ‘antidotes’ to the ‘poisons’ that are stinging them. The ranges of alternatives of international assignments that the multinational companies can consider apart from the long term assignment include short term, self-initiated, commuter, and virtual assignments. Short term assignments This type of assignments can last from a few weeks to months. According to the PricewaterhouseCooper’s survey 2001, there is a sharp increase of almost 60% in the popularity of companies implementing this approach in their respective organizations. This is due to the nature of these assignments which give the companies an ‘instant’ solution in resolving skills shortages and are in general easier to manage [ (Solomon, 1999) ]. Apart from that, in comparison with the long term assignments, short term assignments imposed lower cost to the companies due to the assignment length and duration. In addition, companies do not need to spend on relocation on their entire employees’ family and it is also a good means to circumvent family-related problems which can be seen in most of the traditional assignments such as family upheavel. Self-initiated assignments Over the years, there is this trend that is growing in numbers where the assignees make their arrangements to find work abroad and are employed on local work contracts. According to [ (Suutari, 2000) ], they have identified a series of distinct characteristics of the self-initiated assignees as compared to traditional expatriation. These characteristics, which may not be that ‘bull’s eye’ accurate, however does speaks most common assignees may have and practice. These include young and single, be more motivated in moving abroad due to interest in internationalism and poor employment situations at home, working for companies at lower hierarchical levels, and receive no repatriation promises and view their relocation as a more permanent move. The benefit of recruiting the self-initiated assignees is that it can offer companies the potential of not having to undertake preparation. In fact, the assignees recruited could have been resident in a particular location for years where they are well blend with the socio-cultural of the place. One of the drawbacks is that the assignees are not familiar with the organizational culture which until a certain extent where such familiarity is important will be driven by the nature of the assignment. Commuter assignments This type of assignment involves employees commuting from their home to an office in another country by means of travelling by land, sea or air. One of the examples would be employees travelling by airplane on a weekly or bi-weekly basis [ (Assignment types explained, 2012) ]. In contrast with short term assignments, the commuter assignments allow company to fill in the skills shortage without disrupting the employee’s spouse’s career or the children’s education or family affair. This gives the assignees the opportunity to work abroad without leaving their home when carrying out their assignments. However, the drawbacks of the assignment are the quality life of the assignees may be affected. This is due to the likelihood of the assignees returning late from work due to the unspeakable distance of commuting and not to mention the fatigue due to the travelling journey. This affects the communication and the quality time between the assignees and their family which further prolong may affect their emotional and indirectly affects their productivity in the company. Virtual assignments The assignees manage the variety of international activities across several countries which do not require the assignees to be physically relocated to a foreign organizational unit. Although relocation is not necessary but extensive travel is inevitable. The advantages of a virtual assignment seem to be overwhelming over the traditional expatriate assignment. Firstly, the assignees are less expensive due to their wages are paid on local basis (without expatriate allowance) but perhaps with travel expenses. With the increasing use of video conferencing and other communication development, it has narrow down the possibility of this approach and making it less necessary in the future. Secondly, there is no need for any special scheme for the assignees such as insurance, foreign social security, and pensions as they can stick back to only local scheme. This gives the company another cost saving solution and as well as cutting on the unnecessary procedure in establishing a new scheme for the assignees. Lastly and most importantly, the assignees work-life balance is not tremendously affected. The assignees do not need to move their family abroad and their children’s education are not affected. The current trend of expatriation 2011 As the global economy continues to improve, more and more companies are increasing their presence in the emerging market where international assignments have become key aspect in the global economic recovery. Following the reliable source from the 2011 Global Relocation Trends Survey published by Brookfield Global Relocation Services [ (Brookfield GRS 2011 Global Relocation Trends Survey Report, 2011) ], China is where they are heading. According to the survey, China ranked the most common new destination followed by Brazil, India and Singapore. In terms of difficulties, China still sits on top of the list followed by India, Russia and Brazil. This gives a good reflection of the assignee volume going into these locations and the competition for housing and schooling will create delays and difficulties to the relocation and at the same time giving negative impact on the relocation experience. Conclusion In order to draw a bottom line on the above discussion, I personally view that self-initiated assignment would be the acceptable form of assignment from my generation. The current trend is leaning more towards modern thinking and not being hold back by the conventional belief and thinking. Take for example, the young adult nowadays do not rush through their marriage at early age and the average marriage age have increased to over 30 years old in contradictory with 18-22 years old during the olden days. This has indirectly give an impact to the working trend where employees remain single till the age of over 30 years old and they tend to be mobile and not restricted to family pressure or spouse’s career. Coming to this modern generation, we are starting to adapt to a very competitive environment where the local market is getting more and more saturated. In order to overcome this matter, we have to go out from our home country to get a well-paid jobs rather than saturating further in the local market. Therefore, this type of assignment is some kind of ‘killing two birds with one stone’ where companies can expect to save cost by hiring these assignees on contract basis and the assignees can expect to earn higher foreign exchange rate wages overseas compared to working in their home country. Considering the mutual benefits from this type of assignments, in the coming future we can expect to see the self-initiated assignment to gain popularity among the companies and also the prospective employees.

Chasing Zero Essay -- Health, Preventable Medical Error

Chasing Zero is a documentary which was meant to both educate the viewer on the prevalence of medical harm as well as to enlighten both the public and health care providers on the preventability of these events (Discovery, 2010). The documentary expounded on the fact each year more people die each year from a preventable medical error than die due to breast cancer, motor vehicle accidents or AIDS (Institute of Medicine, 1999). Medical harm can result from adverse drug events, surgical injuries, wrong-site surgery, suicides, restraint-related injuries, falls, burns, pressure ulcers and mistaken patient identities (Institute of Medicine, 1999). Incidences of medical error have been reported in the media for many years. The most startling revelation in the documentary is how common medical errors are and how preventable they are. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) reported in 1999 that between 44,000 and 98,000 people die each year in the United States due to a preventable medical error. A report written by the National Quality Forum (NQF) found that over a decade after the IOM report the prevalence of medical errors remains very high (2010). In fact a study done by the Hearst Corporation found that the number of deaths due to medical error and post surgical infections has increased since the IOM first highlighted the problem and recommended actions to reduce the number of events (Dyess, 2009). The premise of â€Å"Chasing Zero† is to reduce the number of deaths due to healthcare harm to zero. Leading authorities on healthcare quality, such as Charles Denham, believe that all of these deaths are preventable and can be eliminated (Discovery, 2010). Dr. Denham along with the Texas Medical Institute of Technology (TMIT) are dedicat... ...vers, clinical and non-clinical leaders of hospitals and international subject matter experts. The Texas Medical Institute of Technology, through programs such as Chasing Zero, is bringing a public voice to the issue of healthcare harm. The documentary is a stirring example of the quality issues facing the healthcare system. In 2003, the NQF first introduced the 30 Safe Practices for Better Healthcare, which it hoped all hospitals would adopt (National Quality Forum, 2010). Today the list has grown to 34, yet the number of preventable healthcare harm events continues to rise. The lack of standardization and mandates which require the reporting of events contributes to the absence of meaningful improvement. Perhaps through initiatives such as those developed by TMIT and the vivid and arresting patient stories such as Chasing Zero, change will soon be at hand.

White Light/Black Rain Opr

White Light/Black Rain OPR August 6-9, 1945: The first atomic bombs are dropped over the Japanese cities Hiroshima and Nagasaki, resulting in the greatest nuclear catastrophe ever in terms of human casualties. As time fades these horrific events into obscure moments in history, many people become ignorant of the damage caused by the bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Steven Okazaki in White Light/Black Rain utilizes the rhetoric strategies ethos, pathos and logos to reveal the full destructive power of nuclear weapons and to convince future generations that nuclear weapons should never again be employed in war.By peppering quantitative data and statistics throughout the film, Okazaki effectively appeals to logos and displays the measurable damage caused from the atomic bombs dropped in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Okazaki states that 140,000 people were killed instantly from the explosions and 160,000 died later as a result of radiation poisoning or burns. Hundreds of thousands of innoce nt people were wiped off the face of the earth from the cataclysmic eruptions of heat and radiation from these man made weapons of mass destruction.Even more were forever cursed with the chronic complications from heat and radiation exposure such as third-degree burns, hair loss, and later cancer. Okazaki also declares that in the twenty-first century, there are enough nuclear weapons to cause as much damage as 40,000 Hiroshimas. This amount of nuclear firepower has the potential to kill millions of people and alter global climate. Nuclear warfare can only end in destruction.By providing the measurable damage of nuclear weapons used in in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Okazaki reveals their alarming destructive potential and reminds younger generations of its horrible consequences. Okazaki establishes ethos in his film by including interviews of many survivors from the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings and by rolling footage of the aftermath of the bombings. During the interviews, the bomb s urvivors recount their awful story and show the horrific injuries sustained from the atomic bombs.Their recount of the deaths, destruction, disease, and poverty suffered calls in to question the morality of killing and maiming so many innocent people. During the interviews, the bomb survivors recall having family member killed, homes destroyed, or body parts scorched beyond repair. Black and white footage of the cities after their bombings exposes their utter decimation. Although the Japanese could rebuild their cities, they were unaware of the radiation that would linger in the land for ages.The effects of chronic radiation exposure caused mutations and tumors in many who lived in Hiroshima and Nagasaki after the bombings. It is unjustifiable to intentionally cause mass destruction in any scenario, and Okazaki clearly questions the authority and ethic of the atomic bombs through the first-hand accounts of their repercussions. Dissonant background music and disturbing images of dead and severely burned and sick children establish the strong pathos against nuclear weapons in Okazaki’s film.During scenes of the tragic death and destruction brought by nuclear weapons, Okazaki plays quiet, echoing, and dissonant instrumental music. These audible elements combine to create a harsh and somber tone. The sorrowful, minor key music augments the woeful scenes of wreckage and induces pity and empathy. Scenes including mutilated and burned children appeal especially to emotions. The innocence of the children juxtaposed with their atrocious injuries induces a sense of anger against the atomic bombings.Viewing emotionally and physically scarred children strikes a discord in the hearts of the compassionate and emotional viewers. Okazaki successfully connects the emotions in the music and disturbing images to deter anyone from justifying the need for nuclear weapons. Clearly, by combining ethical, emotional, and logical consequences of the of atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Steven Okazaki in White Light/Black Rain, educates future generations about the consequences of using nuclear weapons and persuades them away from the idea of nuclear warfare.

Benefit of information system for business Essay

After several years of turbulence of internet stocks and the resulting failure of many companies, it is easy to understand the impact of information system in daily life. Yet, everyday we read article about IT technology helping the growth of the business. They are many advantages that most people agreed: they create value largely or exclusively through the gathering, synthesizing and distribution of information, they formulate strategy in ways that make management of enterprise and they use technology-mediated channels which are subject to measurement and tracking in unprecedented and granular ways. With those advantages, the company can gain a better position in the furious competition. Among the main advantages of the information system been used in the business are its ability to facilitate business activities with huge amount of information and organized resource and the ease of transaction in terms of speed and cost. In this report which is presented to Mr. Oracle, the manager of Basket Company, I am going to exam the three vital roles that information system can benefit for the business: Support of its business processes and operation, Support of decision making by its employees and manager Support of its strategies for competitive advantage In the traditional business environment, business operating is a manual, time-consuming and labor-intensive process involving requests for quotation, purchase order submissions, order approval and confirmation, shipping, invoicing and payment. But with the help of information systems, business can gather information more quickly at a relatively low cost. For example, 1800-flower Company provides a broad range of give products. The company’s information system collects and stores data on birthday and invitations, as well as a record of gifts send to specific recipients. It maintains a customer information file holding all such data which alerts them of  forthcoming events. At the appropriate times the company sends customized message to the customers with suggestion for flowers and presents. The company gains a world-wide reputation. Therefore, good management information systems fast the business operation and use resource more effective. Basket Company also involves similar business actives we discussed above, by equipping the management information system, will greatly support business operation. Now the competition of basket market is very furious, it is not enough to improve only the product, we should impress the customers as a person who cares them more than their selves. To achieve the goal, we have to identify the trend of customer needs. Like large office goods supplier—Staples. The company system maintains lists of previously ordered items. Over time, Staples learned a great deal about its customers’ preferences and use that information to offer new items. We value our employees as they play an important role in company success, but only with the helps of those tools, our employees and managers can easily make the decision on buy from supplier and predicate the profits. Thus, the good management information system plays a more important role in the competition. One of the outcomes of information system is the strategies for competitive advantages. The three basic strategies for competitive advantages are cost leadership, differentiation and focus. Management information system can have a considerable part to play in a competitive strategy, cutting the labor and administration cost during business operation, the business can sell goods or provide services at a price that is lower than the competitors. Surveys and feedback sessions will be conducted from detailed transaction records and various data to access the ongoing project. To sum up, management information system is necessary to meet the extensive and diverse market competition. It supports business operation, support decision making and gain strategies for competitive advantage. If we use information system in our business, the company will have higher chances to success. Leppert, P. A., 1996. Doing Business with new technology. Fremont, California: Jain Publishing. David whiteley 2000 introduction to e-business McGraw-hill international UK

The Effects of the Industrial Revolution Essays

The Effects of the Industrial Revolution Essays The Effects of the Industrial Revolution Essay The Effects of the Industrial Revolution Essay T The Industrial Revolution began in the eighteenth century marking the transformation of economic power and productivity. Not only was there concentration on agriculture, as their main source of an economy, and started to concern themselves with commerce, trade, and exploration of new technologies. Working toward great financial success to make a profit. Even though the machinery was new the main power source was human labor. Production took place in homes and small workshops. The primary labor force was drawn specifically to the young, as the industrial revolution began in semi-normal locations. The effects of the Industrial revolution were harsh on children, and it made people feel like all they were good for was work, during this economic crisis the economic conditions were harsh. During urban domesticity conditions children were less of an economic benefit and more of an economic burden. The families and the children that had to live threw this period did not see any economic or personal gain. Many children lost their families due to an insufficient economy poverty rates in. Families were forced to make irrational decision, giving up their children to go out and work at an early childhood. Children were used as cheap labor to earn their keep and received little to no pay. Children that were orphans were often used and treated worse than other children. With long and tough workdays that consisted of twelve to fourteen hours. Before labor laws were put into place countless accidents occurred. Many companies thought that using children were the best source of workers. Children were used as cheap labor to earn their keep. With their small bodies they were able to move around the chimneys and clean them well. The machines burned lots of fuel to operate which caused an increase of pollution. The soot was constantly in their clothes and hair and it was a way of living for them. Not knowing that they were breathing this soot would cause short and long term health problems in the future. Some short-term effects consist of irritation to the eyes, nose and throat, and upper respiratory infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia. Other symptoms can include headaches, nausea, and allergic reactions. Long-term health effects can contain chronic respiratory disease, lung cancer, heart disease, and even damage to the brain, nerves, liver, or kidneys. They worked and slept in poor conditions. The children paid their way through work. Education at this time was secondary and working was traditional and customary. Some of the children’s’ parents were concerned about them growing up without getting a decent education. The Authors facts tell how the children were treated during the industrial revolution. Blake states that at a young age children were being sold out of their families and used as very cheap labor services. It was during a time of industrial management. All the kids had were their dreams of a better economy, so they could go play freely, like children should. All they had were their dreams of a better tomorrow as long as they keep the faith and believe. He also stated in the poem that they were kept shaved and was continuously covered in soot from head to toe. For the owners of these companies and others investing in the industry hiring children was a plus and helped them save money. By hiring children to work these machines cut production times in half with the newer technology. Some thought this was teaching children the importance of work. The Industrial Revolution also ushered in a golden age for America. This would be considered the golden age until to government became involved and put labor laws for children into place. These laws limited the amount of hours children of certain ages could work. Children ranging from ages nine- thirteen were only allowed to work eight hours a day. Fourteen threw eighteen could work no more than twelve hours a day. Children under nine were not allowed to work at all. Education started to become more important than working and regulations were also placed on it. Children were required to attend school for no less than two hours during the day. Not just the employers thought that hiring children were a good idea. Parents would also have their children working to help contribute to the well-being of the family. Many people did not see a difference in children working in these factories verses for many years children worked on family farms and in family cottage industries. Many people don’t see having their children working on family farms or doing chores around the house as child labor, but as in lesions that will last you for the rest of you life. Others also think that it will teach the child to value and appreciate working. Stew stated â€Å"Now that I have my own children, I realize that assigning household tasks to their children and enforcing completion was actually pretty hard for my parents. We often gave them grief about doing our chores, argued, complained quit early and tried all manner of ways to avoid our duties. I am certain that in most cases, it would have been easier for my parents to just do the job for us. Now, I am so thankful that my parents taught us to work. The ability to work is the  first step to financial freedom and independence. When I get together with my brothers and sisters we often compare notes about how kind our employers have been to us most of the time. Over the years, there have been few complaints about our work in terms of effort, faithfulness, diligence and perseverance. In today’s society child labor and laws still exist. Child labor is not mostly conducted in other countries instead of the United States unlike in the industrial revolution. The term commonly used is called sweat shops. Sweatshops are a working environment considered to be unacceptably difficult or dangerous - especially by developed countries with high standard s of living. In many third world countries child labor is an own going problem. Countries such as Africa, China, Philippines, India, and Pakistan still condone the use of child labor. Just like in the industrial revolution theses sweatshops were put into place to lower their costs and increase profits. The environments in these sweatshops are very harmful and dangerous. Major corporations such as Nike, Sean John, Tommy Hilfiger, Walt Disney Company, and The Gap have had allegations or charges brought against them for having sweatshops. Articles appear in The New York Times with title such as The Factories of Lost Children, No Winners in Child Labor, and Technology; Technology’s Toxic Trash Is Sent to poor Nations. With headlines like these shows that child labor is exist and is a problem. The child labor laws in the United States have countless statutes and rules regulating the employment of a minor. Any child that is under the age of 18 in a variety of occupations is affected by the law. In many states that average age that a child can enter the work field is sixteen. Anyone under the age of sixteen has to obtain a work permit. Anyone who is under the age of eighteen on school nights can not work after eleven o’clock. Some see it as entering your child in talent shows, beauty pageants, and even having them on reality T. V. as a form of child labor. To create a synopsis of the views of child labor is a difference in teaching your child or others children skills that may last them for a life verses using them for your personal gain or profit. The United States may say that after the industrial revolution child labor has decreased or doesn’t exist in our country. Furthermore, they are right. It has been disguised into other forms, and placed somewhere else were these laws are not present, and the economic gain is enormous for the company and the country. They and we have to look at the bigger picture it is morally wrong, the environment is unhealthy and dangerous, and we are robbing the child of its innocents and being able to enjoy childhood in general. References 1854, By. Industrial Revolution - History. com Articles, Video, Pictures and Facts. History. com - History Made Every Day - American World History. Web. 30 Nov. 2010. . Bell, By The. Jon Kate Plus 8-Child Labor Laws? | Discussion Debate | Parents Connect. Parents Connect | Parenting Tips, Parent Advice Kids Recipes. Web. 30 Nov. 2010. Industrial Revolution. Welcome to Nettlesworth Primary School. Web. 30 Nov. 2010. . Stew, By. Sometimes a Little Child Labor Is Good for Kids. Gather Little by Little Personal Finance with a Christian Perspective. Web. 30 Nov. 2010. . Tonelson, By Alan. Sweatshop. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 30 Nov. 2010. . nytimes. com/2006/03/25/opinion/25weber. html? _r=2ref=third_world_and_developing_countries nytimes. com/2004/04/08/opinion/l-no-winners-in-child-labor-121240. html? ref=third_world_and_developing_countries

How To Get Started Designing Games for Mobile

How To Get Started Designing Games for Mobile Its a Whole New Mindset Mobile gaming is a booming market right now, and it seems everyone wants to dive in and grab a chunk of the market. However, getting started in mobile gaming isnt just about porting your Windows or Xbox title over to iOS. Design for Your Current Platform, Not Your Previous One This seems like common sense, but a lot of games out there will attempt to shoehorn the design of a console onto a multi-touch gaming device. While, yes, this can work, frequently the player is reminded that theyd rather be playing the game on a console gamepad than on an iPhone. When it comes to artwork, remember that tiny fonts may be readable on a Retina display (and allow you to fit a lot of text on the screen), but they are not very enjoyable to read. The same goes for highly detailed textures. You dont need a massive, high-resolution texture for all your assets. The detail can actually make the game more visually noisy, detracting from the artistic feel and causing eyestrain. While sound can make or break a game on a desktop computer or console, on mobile, its an entirely more complex matter. Most gamers would love to have sound in every game they play, either for the aesthetic or gameplay value. However, there is a matter of practicality to mobile gaming, in that many people cannot play the game with sound due to being in public spaces. By all means, include sound if youre able; many mobile users have headphones, or arent limited by environment. Optimized code. Yes. The power of current desktop computers allows a lot of un-optimized code to slip by, hogging extra system resources without anyone taking notice. Mobile is far more unforgiving than even a game console. Mobile OSes have a variety of techniques for handling background processes, battery management, resource allocation, etc. If your game bludgeons the systems battery to death in an hour, your game is going to get bad reviews, and you wont make any money. Slow performance is one of the first reasons people will choose to shelf a game forever. Optimizing Tips Weve covered what not to do. Now, lets look at a few places to improve. Interface Are you using a single multi-touch screen? If so, is it a tablet or a phone-sized screen? Are you using something more exotic like the PS Vitas front and back touchscreens and physical controls? How about camera-based augmented reality? Touch is very intuitive. Do not fight that. As I mentioned above, many games simply superimpose gamepad controls on a touch screen. This works in some cases, but frequently is problematic. One of the most important things you can do in this area is play other games and see what works and what doesnt. Specifically, what works without you having to think about it. The more instant immersion for the player, the more chance you have of them staying with the game, and either recommending it to others, or purchasing in-game items through microtransactions. If you cant find an existing scheme that works for your game, think about how you would manipulate your avatar in the real world, and find some way to translate that to the screen. Art As stated above, massive textures on mobile arent a great idea from the design point of view. They are also horrible about growing the size of your game in the devices storage or sucking up available RAM. You need to do everything you can to shrink your textures to the smallest size that will look good on the device. (Always keep high-res originals though, for when next-generation devices are released with higher-resolution screens.) Learn how to create a texture atlas, or find a good tool for the engine youre using/creating to build them automatically. Sound Audio is brutal, and pains many a good sound designer at the requirements placed on them. High-quality audio can cause an apps size to balloon incredibly. Be sure to listen to your final audio on every compatible device. Mobile phone speakers demolish audio, so dont just judge on how it sounds through headphones. Code Use an engine or framework that lets you go as close to bare metal as your programming skills allow. High-level managed code is frequently all you can do, but depending on the engine/framework you use, it may go through several layers of interpretation which can really slow down well-written high-level code. Final Words First impressions on an app store are critical! While you may have the urge to just get it out there and be done, then update it later, dont. With the way app stores work, you may only get one shot at that front page where people pick you up out of the crowd. Marketing and PR only go so far; if the first hundred people who checked out your game give it a 1-3 star review, odds are you wont get another chance. Take your time, do it right, and ship it when its done.

Outline the basic principles of archaeological excavation Essay

Outline the basic principles of archaeological excavation - Essay Example It is at this stage also that the permits to excavate a certain place have to be acquired. The process cannot just happen without the consent of the in charge bodies (Balme & Paterson, 2006 p98). This particular stage involves figuring out what procedures to be used in the excavation progression. There is a wide range of processes ranging from the simple to complex methods. The equipment to be used to excavate should also decide at this juncture and ensure that it will get the work done (Balme & Paterson, 2006 p9106) These should be set up to provide proper working areas to examine the discovered artifacts. This ensures that the transport of discoveries that might damage them or lead to loss of important information is totally avoided. This phase involves putting together all the content of the whole process and sorting it out. This stage finally makes sense of the entire excavation process by organizing and placing all the information in a manner that is easily comprehensible (Balme & Paterson, 2006 p113). This is the final stage in the excavation process. After all the data has been analyzed and put in order, the final verdict can be given about what was discovered. In conclusion, in order to achieve the desired results, the excavation process must follow a series of steps and ensure everything is done

Experimental work on the mechanical properties of concrete using Dissertation

Experimental work on the mechanical properties of concrete using recycled aggregates - Dissertation Example This paper illustrates that the main environmental problem in the world today is the disposal of waste material. In order to protect the environment, the consumption of natural energy is reduced while the consumption of waste energy is increased. This minimizes the amount of natural resources that is used which in turn helps in the conservation of natural resources. Every construction activity needs a lot of materials. Some of these materials include; sand, bricks, timber and mud. However amongst these materials, concrete remains the most important of them all. With respect to the environment and adaptability, the concrete that is used in any construction must satisfy all the environmental and economical needs of any given area. When we use recycled aggregate for construction then we are able to construct the environment while at the same time minimize the cost used in the construction process. The waste and by products of cement contain almost 75% of natural aggregates and so it is of greater importance as natural aggregates. When we talk about recycled aggregates here we mean; slag, waste from power plants, used concrete, quarrying and mining wastes, waste glass and many more. There are lots of demolished concrete that is left without use in demolished sites as well as construction sites. These concrete wastes provide are the main source of recycled waste that we will look at their strength. Cement (Portland cement) History Portland cement is the main type of cement that is used in making concrete in construction site. Its fine powder is produced by grinding clinker and some limited amount of calcium sulfate. It was developed in the early 19th century in Britain from natural cement. The name is derived from Portland stone, a building stone that was used during the same time. The origin of Portland cement is believed to be from Aspdin Joseph. He was a brick layer from Britain Leeds. One of his employees Johnson developed a production technique which resulted i n hard and fast drying cement. The cement also had high compressive strength as compared to other concrete. As days passed, people started to prefer the Portland cement to the roman cement which had been in use for many years. In 1843 Aspin’s son William made a version of this cement which was improved. He named it patent Portland cement though it did not have patent in it. He later moved to Germany to improve cement making and came up with Portland cement. In 1878 the German government gave a standard for Portland cement. Hydration When Portland is mixed with water and it reacts with it, a process called hydration, this mixed with sand and some gravel produces a synthetic rock, which we call concrete. This concrete is very essential in today’s world as electricity and water. During the hydration process, four main types of minerals are always present. They include belite, alite, aluminate, and ferrite. The addition of water causes an exothermic reaction to occur, afte r this reaction, (C3A) reacts with water forming aluminum gel. This gel in turn reacts with any sulphates in the mixture to form ettringite. The